The Word Association Test was developed by C. G. Jung (1875–1961) and Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) in Zurich and was used as standard from 1905. It is based on the idea that language is always an expression of inner processes. In the test, one hundred defined "stimulus words" were read from a list. The test subject had to react spontaneously with a word. The time between the question and the reaction was measured. Both the associated word and the reaction time were interpreted. Prolonged hesitation was considered an indication of something repressed. Emotional expressions such as laughing, crying, blushing or being startled were also significant.