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Zelle 35

French Horn and Trumpet - The Valve in the 19th Century Study Collection

Description

On long instruments with a narrow mean diameter like the natural trumpet and the natural horn of Bach's time, highly­ accomplished musicians can reach up into the fifth octave, up to the 28th natural note, by applying the correct lip tension and air pressure.

It is possible to expand the original range of the harmonics by using technical devices, such as adding several crooks, by partial occlusion of the bell with the hand ('hand-stopping' with the French horn) or by adding keys to the instrument.
Chromatic notes and therefore a complete scale make it possible for these instruments to be played together with other musical instruments.

Originally the additional crooks were placed above the body of the instrument. But in the late 18th century, they were also placed by hand in the middle of the instrument.
('lnventionshorn' or 'Invention' trumpet).

The valve mechanisms which were developed from 1814 onwards and then patented in 1818 made it possible to gain mechanically access to the built-in crooks (valve instruments).

Audios

Introduction cell 35

Natural Trumpet Leopold Mozart (1719 - 1787) Allegro moderato, 2nd movement from the concerto in D major for trumpet and orchestra 1762 Niklas Eklund, trumpet, Drottningholm Barock Ensemble, dir. Nils-Erik Sparf P/C 1996; Naxos 8.553531

Valve Trumpet Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778 - 1837) Rondo, 3rd movement from the concerto in E flat major for trumpet and orchestra. 1803 Maurice André (valve) trumpet, Franz Liszt Chamber Orchestra, dir. János Rolla P/C 1995; EMI 7243 5 55231 2 9 The same piece as in example 2 is played here on a modern valve trumpet.

Valve Trumpet André Jolivet (1905 - 1974) Giocoso, 3rd movement from the concerto No. 2 for trumpet and orchestra 1954 Wynton Marsalis, trumpet, Philharmonia Orchestra, dir. Esa-Pekka Salonen P 1983-1988/C 1992; SK 44726

Valve Trumpet André Jolivet (1905 - 1974) Giocoso, 3rd movement from the concerto No. 2 for trumpet and orchestra 1954 Wynton Marsalis, trumpet, Philharmonia Orchestra, dir. Esa-Pekka Salonen P 1983-1988/C 1992; SK 44726

Learnin' the Blues Louis Armstron, trumpet (1900 - 1971), Ella Fitzgerald, voice, Oscar Peterson, piano, Herb Ellis, guitar, Ray Brown, bass, Louis Bellson, drums, recording 1957, Los Angeles 1957 P/C 1993; Verve Jazz Masters 1, 519 818-2

Orchestral Horn Michel Corrette (1709 - 1795) Allegro, 3rd movement from XIVe concerto comique 'La Choisy' for horn and strings Ensemble Stradivaria, dir. Daniel Cuiller C/P 1996; Adès 205432

'Inventionshorn' Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791) Rondo in E flat major for horn and orchestra, KV 371 1781 Lowell Grear, Inventionshorn, Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra, dir. Nicholas McGegan P/C 1988; HMU 907012

'Inventionshorn' Anton Reicha (1770 - 1836) Allegro scherzando, trio in E flat major, op. 82 c. 1800 P/C 1991 ; HM 953-2 882 980-907 Naturhorn-Connection, Thomas Müller

Valve French Horn Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949) Allegro, 3rd movement from the concerto Nr. 1 in E flat major for horn an orchestra, op. 11 1882/83 Barry Tuckwell, horn, London Symphony Orchestra, dir. István Kertész P 1955 and 1967/C 1999; Decca 460 296-2

Valve French Horn: the Wolf Sergej Prokofiew (1891 - 1953) from Peter and the Wolf, a musical fairy-tale for narrator and orchestra, op. 67 1936 Barbara Sukowa, narrator, The Chamber Orchestra of Europe, dir. Claudio Abbado P/C 1990; Deutsche Grammophon 427 678-2

Selection

1: Natural Trumpet in E flat, one crook 2: Fanfare Trumpet in E flat 3: Fanfare Trumpet in E flat 4: Natural Trumpet in E flat 5: Natural Trumpet in E flat 6: Invention Trumpet in G, two crooks 7: Invention Trumpet in G, three crooks 8: Invention Trumpet in F, one “invention” crook (curved sliding crook) 9: Stop “Invention” Trumpet in G, three “Invention” crooks 10: Slide Trumpet in F 11: Slide Trumpet in F 12: Keyed Trumpet in G, five keys (left-handed) 13: Keyed Trumpet in G, five keys (left-handed) 14: Valve Trumpet in G, three Vienna valves 15: Valve Trumpet in B flat, two Vienna valves 16: Valve Trumpet in F, two Vienna valves 17: Valve Bass Trumpet in E flat, two piston valves 18: Valve Trumpet in B flat, three rotary valves, one transposing valve 19: Valve Trumpet in C, three rotary valves 20: Valve Pocket-Trumpet in C, three rotary valves 21: Valve Trumpet in C, three rotary valves 22: Valve Trumpet in C, three rotary valves 23: Valve Trumpet (Jazz Trumpet) in B flat, three Perinet valves 24: Valve trumpet in Bb (stock trumpet), three Périnet valves by Cahrles Borromée Mahillon, mid 19th c. 25: Valve Straight Trumpet in C (Aida Trumpet), three rotary valves 26: Straight Trumpet in c 27: Jagdwaldhorn in F1, viereinhalbwindig 28: “Inventionshorn”, two and a half coils 29: Invention horn, one and a half wind, eight bows by Christian Hirsbrunner, beginning of the 19th century. 29: 'lnventionshorn', one and a half coils, three crooks 30: 'lnventionshorn' in B1 flat, two and a half coils, eleven 'invention' crooks 31: 'lnventionshorn' with keys, one 'invention' crook, three keys 32: 'lnventionshorn,'one and a half coils, ten crooks 33: 'lnventionshorn' in F1, two and a half coils, two “invention” crooks 34: Valve French Horn in C, two Perinet Valves 35: Valve French Horn in C, three piston valves 36: Valve French Horn in C (originally “Inventionshorn”), two piston valves 37: Valve French Horn in B1 flat, three rotary valves 38: Valve French Horn in F1, three rotary valves (crosswise) 39: Valve French Horn in C, two rotary valves (“point” valves) 40: Valve French Horn in C, two rotary valves 41: Valve French Horn (descant horn) in F, three Vienna valves 42: Valve French Horn in B1 flat, three Vienna valves 43: Valve French Horn in B1 flat, three Vienna valves 44: Valve French Horn in B1 flat, three Vienna valves, one transposing valve for echo-crook ('Echobogen') 45: Compensating Double Horn in F1 / B1 flat, four ratary valves 46: Wagner Tube in F1 (bass), four rotary valves

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