Cell 25
Clarinets, Flutes and Oboes Study Collection
The systematical classification of the so-called wood wind instruments into flutes, oboes and clarinets is based on the way their sound is produced.
With the flute, a stream of air is directed over a sharp edge, whereas in the case of reed instruments, the air causes the reeds to vibrate. The reeds are fixed at one end, either tied together or tied on the mouthpiece. The other flattened end is left free.
In the case of the double reed instruments or oboes, the reeds beat against each other. In the single reed instruments or in clarinets, the reed beats against a frame which is formed either by an opening in the body of the instrument or by a mouthpiece (beak).
The musical pitch is primarily dependent on the length of the vibrating column of air, the dimensions of the tube and the pressure of air entering the tube.
The musical pitch can be varied by slides or by the opening and closing of holes, either by keys or by the fingers. Higher registers may be obtained through more pressure by overblowing (at the octave resp. twelfth).
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681 - 1767)
Allegro, 2nd movement from the Sonata I in F major for two alto recorders
1727
Michala Petri and Elisabeth Selin, recorder
P/C 1990; RD87903
Thomas Greeting (? - 1682)
Nigthingale, from The Pleasant Companion for the Flageolet
1680
Conrad Steinmann, French flageolet, c. 1820
P/C 1976; claves P 615
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750)
Bourrée Anglaise, 4th movement from Partita in a minor, BWV 1013
Frans Brüggen, flute by Scherer, Butzbach 1773
P 1976/C 1998; SB2K 60718
In order to clearly show the difference in the sonority of an old fluete and of a modern flute, the same music can be heard twice, here on an instrument of the 18th c. and in the next musical example on an instrument of the 20th c.
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750)
Bourrée Anglaise, 4th movement from Partita in a minor, BWV 1013
Aurèle Nicolet, flute
P/C 1995; Denon C37-7331
In order to clearly show the difference in the sonority of an old fluete and of a modern flute, the same music can be heard twice, here on an instrument of the 20th c. and in the former musical example on an instrument of the 18th c.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827), arr. Theobald Boehm
Menuetto, 3rd movement from Serenade op. 8
Konrad Hünteler, cylindrical wooden flute by Boehm & Mendler, 1870, Michaela Pühn, grand piano by Conrad Graf, Vienna c. 1835
P/C 1997; MDG 311 0708-2
Sergej Prokofiew (1891 - 1953)
from Peter and the Wolf, a musical fairy-tale for narrator an orchestra, op. 67
1936
Barbara Sukowa, narrator, The Chamber Orchestra of Europe, dir. Claudio Abbado
P/C 1990; Deutsch Grammophon 427 678-2
Reveille, Nr. XVI from fifers and drummers duty for the Federal Troops
1819
Raymond Meylan and José Barrocas, fifes without keys, middle of 19th c., Bernhard Wulf, Basel drum
P/C 1978; Jecklin Disco 546
Reveille, Nr. XVI from fifers and drummers duty for the Federal Troops
1819
Raymond Meylan and José Barrocas, fifes without keys, middle of 19th c., Bernhard Wulf, Basel drum
P/C 1978; Jecklin Disco 546
Eugène Damaré (1840 - ?)
Le merle blanc, op. 161
1890
Jean-Louis Beaumadier, piccolo fluete, Jean Koerner, piano
P/C 1988; CAL 9867
Béla Bartòk (1881 - 1945)
Màruntelul (Children's dance), from Roumanian Dances
arr. A. Willener
Simion Stanciu, panpipe, Orchestre philharmonique de Monte Carlo, dir. Claude Schnitzler
P 1988/C 1994; Erato 4509-96024-2
Eidenberger Okarinalandler
Eidenberger Okarinamusi
P/C no indication; Tyrolis CD 351 576
Guillaume Dufay (1400? - 1474)
Navaré je suy (Rondeau)
Randall Cook and Katharina Arfken, treble shawm and alto shawm, Lorenz Welker, slide trumpet (Alta Capella)
P/C 1991; GD77243
The musical example consists of music from the 15th century. The exhibited instruments however were built in the 17th century. They differ from Renaissance-instruments mainly in the bore and therefore also in the sonority.
Compared to the sonority of the oboe, the sound od the shawms is hoarser.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1856 - 1891)
Rondo Allegro, 3rd movement from quartet in F major for oboe, violin, viola and violoncello, KV 370
Stephen Hammer, oboe after C. A. Grenser, Dresden c. 1780; The Academy of Ancient Music Chamber Ensemble
P/C 1988; L'Oiseau Lyre 421 429-2
Robert Schumann (1810 - 1856)
Einfach, inning - Etwas lebhafter, Romance Nr. 2 op. 94
1849
Paul Dombrecht, oboe by Triébert, Paris middle of 19th c.
Jos van Immerseel, piano by Erard, Paris 1850?
P/C 1983; ACC 78330 D
Heinz Holliger (born 1939)
Studie über Mehrklänge für Oboe solo
1971
Heinz Holliger, oboe
P/C 1987; ECM 1340 833 307-2
Sergej Prokofiew (1891 - 1953)
from Peter and the Wolf, a musical fairy-tale for narrator an orchestra, op. 67
1936
Barbara Sukowa, narrator, The Chamber Orchestra of Europe, dir. Claudio Abbado
P/C 1990; Deutsch Grammophon 427 678-2
Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)
Beginning of the third act of 'Tristan and Isolde'
Staatskapelle Dresden, dir. Carlos Kleiber
P/C 1982; Deutsche Grammophon 413 315-2
'Man hört einen Hirtenreigen, sehnsüchtig und traurig auf einer Schalmei geblasen.'
(from the scenic instructions given by Richard Wagner)
Edward Elgar (1857 - 1934)
Romance op. 62 for bassoon and orchestra
Klaus Thunemann, bassoon, The Academy of St. Martin in the Fields, dir. Sir Neville Marriner
P/C 1995; Philips 446 096-2
Sergej Prokofiew (1891 - 1953)
from Peter and the Wolf, a musical fairy-tale for narrator an orchestra, op. 67
1936
Barbara Sukowa, narrator, The Chamber Orchestra of Europe, dir. Claudio Abbado
P/C 1990; Deutsch Grammophon 427 678-2
Christoph Graupner (1683 - 1760)
Ouverture, 1rst movement from Ouverture in C major for 3 chalumeaux
1741
Hans Rudolf Stalder, Heinz Hofer, Elmar Schmid, alto, tenor and bass chalumeaux
P/C 1986; dhm 16 9568 1
There is no chalumeau in the collection. The chalumeau was created shortly before 1700, its history is connected with the just slightly younger clarinet.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791)
Larghetto, 2nd movement from quintet in A major for clarinet and string quartet, KV 581
Erich Hoeprich, basset clarinet, Lucy van Dael, Alda Stuurop, violins, Wim ten Have, Viola, Wouter Möller, violoncello
P/C 1988; Philips 420 242-2
Johann Schrammel (1850 - 1893)
Crownprince Rudolf-march ('Kronprinz Rudolf Marsch') for two violins, high clarinet and bass guitar (classical Viennese 'Schrammel' quartet, founded by the brothers Johann and Josef Schrammel in 1877)
Recording of ORF, from 'Klangführer durch die Sammlung alter Musikinstrumente'
P/C 1993; Kunsthist. Museum Wien 516 537-2
Sergej Prokofiew (1891 - 1953)
from Peter and the Wolf, a musical fairy-tale for narrator an orchestra, op. 67
1936
Barbara Sukowa, narrator, The Chamber Orchestra of Europe, dir. Claudio Abbado
P/C 1990; Deutsch Grammophon 427 678-2
Benny Goodman (1909 - 1986)
Slipped Disc
Benny Goodman, clarinet and leader; among others Red Norvo, vibraphone, Russ Freeman, piano, Jimmy Wyble, guitar, Red Wootten, bass, John Markham, drums
Recording of the concert in Basel on 28 October 1959
P/C 1996; TCOB 43032
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791)
Polacca, from Duos for two basset-horns, KV 487
Lisa Klevit, Erich Hoeprich, basset-horn
P/C 1989; HMU 907017
Pastorale & Ballo from San Vito (Sardinia)
Luigi Lai, Launeddas
P/C 1995; média7 ALCD 157
Round Pagan
Christian Annex, Biniou-koz, Jean Baron, alto shawm
Hervé L'Hiver, drum
P/C 1997; ARN 64380
Bella stanotti in sonnu mi vinisti (Canto di vendemmia)
Letterio Vinci and Giovanni Zaccone, singers
Salvatore Vinci, Zampogna
P/C 1998; Phonè GE 002
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